In theoretical physics, the matrix theory is a quantum mechanical model proposed in 1997 by Tom Banks, Willy Fischler, Stephen Shenker, and Leonard Susskind; it is also known as BFSS matrix model, after the authors' initials.
In their original paper, these authors showed, among other things, that the low energy limit of this matrix model is described by eleven-dimensional supergravity.
These calculations led them to propose that the BFSS matrix model is exactly equivalent to M-theory.
[4] In a paper from 1998, Alain Connes, Michael R. Douglas, and Albert Schwarz showed that some aspects of matrix models and M-theory are described by a noncommutative quantum field theory, a special kind of physical theory in which the coordinates on spacetime do not satisfy the commutativity property.
It quickly led to the discovery of other important links between noncommutative geometry and various physical theories.