Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, GCB (24 May 1775 – 23 February 1850) was a British military officer and colonial administrator.

His sister was Rose Whitworth-Aylmer who travelled with their aunt, Anne Barbara, and her husband Sir Henry Russell, 1st Baronet to India in 1798.

She has been immortalized by his friend and the famous British poet Walter Savage Landor in his Rose Aylmer eulogy.

When her husband was appointed in 1830 to administer the government of Canada, as Governor-General, from February 1831 to August 1835, the couple entertained at the Castle of St. Louis, Quebec.

She served as the patroness of the Societe d'Education sous la direction des dames de Quebec.