He did extensive studies of the elementary physiological processes that take place in muscle tissue, nerve fibers and sensory organs.
Verworn was influenced by Haeckel's theory of evolutionism and considered that all physiological phenomena seen in higher animals may already be recognizable in the most basic forms of life.
He described physioplastic as direct reproduction of the object or its immediate image in memory, and ideoplastic as an intuitive attempt to create what the eye sees.
He was the first recipient of the Carus Prize from the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina" (or the National Academy of Germany) in 1896 for his work in the area of physiology.
With Eugen Korschelt, Gottlob Eduard Linck, Friedrich Oltmanns, Karl Schaum, Hermann Theodor Simon and Ernst Teichmann, he was co-author of the Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften.