Maximilian Toch (July 17, 1864 – May 28, 1946) was an American paint manufacturer and industrial chemist who developed a concrete filler method that was used in the construction of the Panama Canal.

He was the co-owner of the New York firms Toch Brothers and the Standard Varnish Works, where he was head of research and production.

Before and during World War I, he was a major contributor to the development of ship camouflage in the United States, as well as an early practitioner of the use of chemistry in the authentication of works of art.

According to the New York Times (1946), in which Toch is referred to as "America’s first camoufleur",[2] his contribution to ship camouflage included originating the color adopted by the U.S. Navy as standard "battleship gray".

He became convinced that it was largely impossible to lower the visibility of a ship, but that a better objective would be course deception,[3] popularly known as dazzle camouflage.