(Said emergencies would lead to either Senatus Consultum Ultimum, or failing that the true last resort was a Dictatorship, to be held by the Consul Priori.)

Roman Emperors were essentially Mayors of Rome ex officio, although the Consuls continued to exist in a largely ceremonial role.

Once the Western Roman Empire ended, Consuls retook charge of the city, even as Kings once again ruled larger territories that included Rome.

The Senate survived as a city council of sorts, until it passed its final acts and voted to disband in 603.

In 756, the Donation of Pepin made Rome the capital of a newly formed Federation of the Papal States.

From 1558 to 1870, the Papal States created the office of Governatore (Governor), also called Vice Camerlengo, chosen by the Pope.

Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the Mayor of Rome is chosen by direct election, originally every four, and since 2001 every five years.

The office of the Deputy Mayor of Rome was officially created in 1993 with the adoption of the new local administration law.