Facing a shortage of trained physicians to serve the needs of the Navy and Marine Corps, the Uniformed Services Health Professions Revitalization Act of 1972 was passed.

[2] In both programs, civilians are given a direct commission to the rank of ensign (O-1) in the United States Navy Reserve which they hold throughout the four years of their medical education.

During this time they receive financial assistance on the condition that they meet reservist requirements, maintain military standards, and agree to serve on active duty as physicians.

RADM Bruce L. Gillingham is the 39th Surgeon General of the United States Navy as of 2019[update] and is the highest-ranking officer of the Medical Corps.

[3] Members of the Medical Corps are eligible to pursue qualification programs that lead to breast insignia such as: Reference: Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships