[3] Open woodlands of juniper (Juniperus thurifera) and evergreen holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) are the characteristic plant community, extending up to the treeline at approximately 3200 meters.

The critically endangered Moroccan cypress (Cupressus atlantica) has been reduced to a few hundred trees scattered in the western portion of the range.

Thorny and cushion shrubs cover the ground, including Cytisus balansae, Erinacea anthylis, Prunus prostrata, and Astragalus armatus.

[3] Denser stands of oaks and junipers have an understory of shade-loving shrubs including Fraxinus dimorpha, Lonicera arborea, Crataegus lacinata, Buxus sempervirens, and Berberis vulgaris australis, interspersed with the tall shrubs Juniperus oxycedrus and Ephedra nebrodensis and herbaceous plants Cephalantera rubra, Helleborine latifolia, Festuca triflora, and Festuca rubra.

[3] Toubkal National Park is home to breeding population of white-rumped swift (Apus caffer), as well as African crimson-winged finch (Rhodopechys alienus) and Moroccan horned lark (Eremophila alpestris atlas).