Xyleborus monographus, the Mediterranean oak borer, is a species of ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae.

In these parts of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa the beetle mostly infests dead and dying oak trees.

One of these fungi, Raffaelea montetyi, seems linked to wilt disease in cork trees (Quercus suber) in Portugal.

Large populations can develop in the lower trunk over a number of growing seasons.

[2] As of August 2020 the California Department of Food and Agriculture was cooperating with county, state and federal organizations to survey the patterns of infestation and investigate approaches to managing the beetle.