Aside from smelling foul, the liquid also creates a burning sensation and sometimes leaves a red welt on bare skin.

Before laying eggs, females deposit particles containing the symbiont, which are then eaten by newly hatched nymphs under natural conditions.

Nymphs experimentally deprived of access to the symbiont exhibited slower growth, smaller body sizes and higher mortality.

Hosted by wisteria, green beans, and other legumes, the insect sucks juice from the stems of soybean plants and reduces crop yield.

[3] In 2011 in its invasive range in Georgia, M. cribraria's aggregation score - Taylor's Power Law/Taylor's Law b - had an extremely high slope for adults.

Arora and Douglas 2017[10] interpret Brown to have not differentiated between various Ishikawaella and therefore the question of switching within the same genus remains open.

[13] Universities and corporations throughout the Southeastern United States have begun research into alternative means of dealing with the kudzu bug.