Melancthon is a rural Canadian township in the northwest corner of Dufferin County, Ontario, bordered on the east by Mulmur Township, Amaranth Township and East Luther Grand Valley to the south, Southgate Township to the west, and the Municipality of Grey Highlands to the north.

The township does not include the town of Shelburne on its southern border.

It has one of the lowest population densities in southwestern Ontario.

It is also home to the Melancthon EcoPower Centre wind farm.

The township of Melancthon comprises a number of villages and hamlets, including the following communities: Auguston, Corbetton, Horning's Mills, Masonville, Mayburne, Melancthon, Ostrander, Redickville, Riverview, Shrigley, and Wrigglesworth Corner.