Aida Castelnau, 1875 Aidaprora Whitley, 1935 Amneris Whitley, 1935 Anisocentrus Regan, 1914 Aristeus Castelnau, 1878 Charisella Fowler, 1939 Nematocentris Peters, 1866 Neoatherina Castelnau, 1875 Rhombatractus Gill, 1894 Rhombosoma Regan, 1914 Strabo Kner & Steindachner, 1867 Zantecla Castelnau, 1873 Melanotaenia is a genus of rainbowfish from Australia, Indonesia (West Papua), New Guinea, and nearby smaller islands.

There are currently 86 recognized species in this genus: