On 27 January 2016, the 12th National Congress elected 180 individuals to serve as members of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) for the electoral term 2016–2021.

The Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the CPV and Vietnam when the Party's National Congress and the Politburo are adjourned.

[6] 19 members were 45 years of age or younger, of which Nguyễn Xuân Anh and Nguyen Thanh Nghi were the youngest.

Đinh La Thăng was accused of mismanaging the state-owned enterprise PetroVietnam, resulting in a loss of 900 billion Vietnamese dongs (around 40 million United States dollars); he was arrested in December 2017 and sentenced to thirteen years in prison in January 2018.

[13] Four officials received disciplinary warnings from the 12th CC and the 12th CIC: Lê Viết Chữ and Trần Quốc Cường as well as Politburo members Nguyễn Văn Bình and Hoàng Trung Hải.

[14] Triệu Tài Vinh, on the other hand, was recommended a disciplinary punishment by the 41st Session of the CIC and received a reprimand by the 12th Politburo in January 2020.