The city's founding dates back to the Roman Era, likely during either the end of the first century AD or the beginning of the second, and it was originally named Lamasba.

The heroes and martyrs of the region include Ali N'meur, Ziza Massika and Salah Indochine.

Geographically, merouana is located in the northern part of Batna Province, bounded to the north by Awlad Sallam and L'msil, to the north-east by Ain Jasser, to the West by RAs Layoun and N'Gaous, to the east by Seriana, to the south-east by Batna City, and to the south by Ain Touta.

The most famous mountains are Sh'lalaa, M'stawa and Erefaa; others include Bughioul, Fakhra, Tikelt, Mothen and Tisras.

Merouana region is a seismically active zone which has necessitated the establishment of an earthquake monitoring center which is the only one in Batna state.