[1] The genus is restricted to Cuba and associated islands.

Mesocapromys contains the five following species:[1] Within Capromyidae, the closest relative of Mesocapromys is the genus Mysateles.

Both genera are the sister group to Capromys, and then Geocapromys is a more distant genus.

In turn, these four genera belong to the tribe Capromyini, and are the sister group to Plagiodontia.

Trinomys (Atlantic spiny rats) Clyomys Euryzygomatomys (guiaras) Carterodon (Owl's spiny rat) Plagiodontia Geocapromys Capromys (Desmarest's hutia) Mesocapromys Mysateles