Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'
The Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (Russian: Митрополит Киевский и всея Руси, romanized: Mitropolit Kiyevskiy i vseya Rusi; Ukrainian: Митрополит Київський та всієї Русі, romanized: Mytropolyt Kyivskyi ta vsiiei Rusi) was a metropolis of the Eastern Orthodox Church that was erected on the territory of Kievan Rus'.
Again, to reflect its exclusion from the Tsardom of Russia, this episcopal title was renamed the "Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'".
In that year, the Grand Prince of Kiev—Vladimir the Great—together with his people, were baptised in the river Dniper by clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
A delegation of the metropolis, blessed by Metropolitan Ivan III, took part in the Council of Bari (1089) that was convened by Pope Urban II to heal the Great Schism.
[6] On the eve of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, there were 16 dioceses in the metropolis: Kyiv (988), Chernihiv (991), Belgorod (991), Vladimir (992), Novgorod (992), Rostov (992), Polatsk (992), Turiv (1005), Przemyśl (1026), Pereiaslav (1036), Yurii (1036), Galician (1134), Smolensk (1137), Riazan (1198), Suzdal (1213).
The younger son of Vladimir II, called Yuri Dolgorukiy (George), was the Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal.
The Princes of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir effectively controlled the metropolitan see with the permission of the Khan of the Golden Horde.
While adhering to the pagan faith, Grand Dukes Vytenis and Gediminas understood the political importance of controlling the Church.
[12] The lack of a metropolitan bishop for the inhabitants of the Grand Principality impeded the development of the idea of a single Lithuanian state that was being advanced by the ruling family.
[13] At the same time, the religious leaders in Rus' realised that the lack of a separate metropolis would leave the Lithuanian state susceptible to the influence of the Latin Church.
In attempting to preserve the continued cultural and religious unity of Rus', the Orthodox leaders realised that they might ultimately drive the people into the arms of Rome.
Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos established the metropolis while Patriarch John XIII of Constantinople ordained Theophilus who was of Rus' origin.
[16] When Theophilus died in 1329, the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'—Theognostus—succeeded in restoring unity in the Rus' lands by claiming that there were too few Christians in pagan Lithuania.
Algirdas agreed to cease his support for his previous candidate Teodoryt on the grounds that his ordination was uncanonical, on condition that Roman was also appointed as Metropolitan of All Rus'.
[22] In 1245, King Daniel of Galicia won a decisive battle over the Hungarian-Polish army of his opponent Rostislav Mikhailovich and united Halychia with Volhynia.
In reaction to this move, King Daniel's son and successor on the throne—Leo I—petitioned the Ecumenical Patriarch to erect a new metropolis in the territory of his kingdom.
Leo died in 1301 but his son—Yuri I of Galicia—succeeded in securing the charter of establishment from Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople with the approval of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.
Following his death in 1347, the Grand Prince of Moscow—Simeon—conspired with Theognostus of Kiev to convince Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos to disestablish the Halych metropolis.
From 1362 to 1371, the territory of the former metropolises of Halych and of Lithuania were officially lowered to the rank of bishoprics within the Kiev metropolis.
Patriarch Philotheus I agreed to grant the petition to create a separate metropolis in the territory of the Grand Duchy.
Starting from the 15th century, the church was finally reunited and continued to be governed from Moscow by the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus.
On 12 February 1376, Alexius died; by the terms of the agreement with the patriarch, Cyprian was entitled to rule the religious affairs of all Rus'.
He attempted, but failed, to get recognition of his rights in the whole metropolitan diocese from the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitri Donskoi, Novgorod, and Pskov.
Macarius assured Dmitriy of Moscow in writing that he denied Cyprian's claims to the Church of Great Rus.
Notwithstanding, the Ecumenical Patriarch continued to appoint metropolitans for the united Catholic and Eastern Orthodox ("Uniate") dioceses in those Ruthenian lands that were not controlled by the Tsardom of Moscow.
With the appointment of Gregory, the title was changed to Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (Ukrainian: Митрополит Київський, Галицький, та всієї Русі, romanized: Mytropolyt Kyivskyi, Halytskyi, ta vsiiei Rusi).
When he arrived in the Commonwealth, Jeremias II also supported the Orthodox fraternities and deposed the digamist, Metropolitan Onesiphorus.
On 6 October 1596, in Brest, Metropolitan Rogoza convened a council attended by bishops, archimandrites, priests and laity.
In addition, the Lviv Brotherhood, as a stauropegia that was directly subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, initially opposed the Union.
In 1620 the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Theophanes consecrated Job Boretsky as the new Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia and the Exarch of Ukraine.
