During the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), numerous mints operated, providing coins for both the supporters and opponents of the Spanish crown.
The Royalist issued coins at mints in Chihuahua, Durango, Guadalajara, Guanajuato, Nueva Viscaya, Oaxaca, Real del Catorce, San Fernando de Bexar, San Luis Potosí, Sombrerete, Valladolid Michoacán and Zacatecas.
Insurgent coins were minted at various locations including Nueva Galicia, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz.
The obverses of the silver and gold coins carried a variety of portraits of the Emperor with the legend "August(inus) Dei Prov(identia)" and the date, or "Augustinus Dei Providentia" and the date.
The legends read "Mex I Imperator Constiiut" together with the denomination and assayer's initials.
With the adoption of the 1824 republican constitution, the United Mexican States began issuing coins.
On the republic's coins, the Mexican eagle moved to the obverse, with the legend "República Mexicana".