It operates under the historical commercial name Mexicana de Aviación after the government acquired the former airline's brands and assets on 9 August 2023.

The airline is managed by the Secretariat of National Defense and its headquarters is at Felipe Ángeles International Airport.

On 18 May 2023,[4] the Official Journal of the Federation[5] listed the creation of the company Aerolínea del Estado Mexicano, S.A. de C.V, that will "promote, operate and provide the public service of national and international regular air transport of passengers, cargo, mail or a combination of these, on its own account or through public or private persons.”[6] In August 2023, deals were finalized by the Mexican government, which introduced the airline during a press conference.

[16][17] The airline used an Embraer 145 aircraft for certification, wet leased from TAR Aerolíneas, and was registered as "XA-VGQ".

[12] In March 2024, the airline announced plans to purchase 10 Embraer aircraft after Boeing's deal fell through, and deliveries were expected after 2025.