Many small states emerged, one of which was Pirandu in South Anatolia, which was established by the Luwian people at the west of the Göksu River around the 7th century BC.

After Babylon was defeated by the Persians, Kirshu came under Achaemenid rule and after the Achaemenid Empire was defeated by Alexander III of Macedon, Kirshu was incorporated within the realm of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt[3] and later that of the Seleucid Empire.

The plan of the fortification is roughly rectangular, with the longer dimension oriented along a north–south axis.

The total area is 750 x 150 m2 (2460 x 490 ft2) In the fortification the military units were at the north side of the hill and the only entrance to the castle was via the gate at the northeast corner.

Another important find was a stamp of Muwatalli II,[4] which was surprising because Hittites inhabited the area long before the establishment of Pirundu.