After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution, it was re-annexed by Prussia in 1815.

A battle between Polish insurgents and Prussian forces took place there during the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848.

Following World War I, Poland regained independence and control of the town.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany until 1945.

[5] The landmarks of Miłosław include the Church of Saint James from 1620, the palace of the Mielżyński and Kościelski noble families with the adjacent Miloslaw Park, the monument to the Polish insurgents fallen in the Battle of Miłosław in 1848, the oldest monument of Polish national poet Juliusz Słowacki, unveiled in 1899 and the school building on Castle Street.