Born in Patti, Sicily, Rampulla initially had short stints with Sicilian amateur clubs, such as his local team Pattese; he later also played for Cesena, where he competed for a starting spot with fellow future Serie A goalkeepers Sebastiano Rossi and Alberto Fontana.

After the 1991–92 season finished in relegation for Cremonese, Rampulla moved to Juventus in 1992, where he enjoyed a highly successful ten-year spell at the club; he initially played as a starter, replacing Juventus's former legendary goalkeeper Stefano Tacconi, and subsequently as back-up goalkeeper for the remainder of his career, behind Angelo Peruzzi, Edwin van der Sar, and Gianluigi Buffon, and later as the reserve goalkeeper behind Andreas Isaksson and Fabian Carini, retiring from active football in 2002, following Juventus's Serie A title victory and Coppa Italia final defeat.

Because of his skill on the ball and offensive instincts, Rampulla even took penalties on occasion, and he became the first goalkeeper ever to score a goal in Serie A, with a header off of a corner kick.

[1][4][6][7][8] After his retirement, Rampulla accepted to stay at Juventus in the club's backroom staff, serving as goalkeeping coach for most of his time.

On 17 May 2012, Rampulla joined former Juventus manager Marcello Lippi at Chinese Super League side Guangzhou Evergrande and became the club's goalkeeping coach.