[1] The distal pole of the scaphoid articulates with two trapezial bones as a gliding type of joint.

It permits movements in two planes - extension/flexion, ulnar deviation/radial deviation - and allows complex patterns of motion under significant strain.

Optimal wrist function requires stability of the carpal components in all joint positions under static and dynamic conditions.

Stability is achieved by a sophisticated geometry of articular surfaces and intricate system of ligaments, retinacula, and tendons, which also determine the relative motion of the carpal bones.

The ligaments holding the carpal bones to each other, to the distal radius and ulna, and to the proximal ends of the metacarpals can be described as extrinsic, or capsular, and intrinsic, or interosseous (intercarpal).