The 2020 census found 1,406 people in the township.

Located in the northwestern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: A small part of the village of Fredericktown is located in southeastern Middlebury Township.

[4] It was originally settled chiefly by Quakers from Frederick County, Maryland.

[6] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.