Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships and city: The village of Haskins is located in western Middleton Township, and the unincorporated community of Dunbridge lies in the township's east.

[4] Statewide, the only other Middleton Township is located in Columbiana County.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[5] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

The Middleton Township Building is located on Ohio State Route 25 (Dixie Highway), north of State Route 582.