In his apartment, through a liaison officer of German intelligence donated money to finance the Bolshevik activities, primarily to the newspaper Pravda.
At the beginning of July 1917, Kozłowski, after an investigation by the military counterintelligence of the Russian General Staff [ru], was accused by the Kerensky government together with Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev and others of "high treason and espionage", as well as of "laundering" money from the German General Staff transferred from Berlin through Alexander Parvus and Yakov Ganetsky to Disconto-Gesellschaft and Stockholm Nya Banken [sv], and from here to the Siberian Bank in Petrograd.
[3] From 29 March 1918 to 15 November 1920 he was the chairman of the Small Council of People's Commissars [ru] of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).
In late August 1918, he conducted the first interrogation of Fanny Kaplan after her attempt to assassinate Vladimir Lenin.
In 1923, he was recalled from the diplomatic service and was appointed chief legal adviser of the People's Commissariat of Railways.