Miguel attended the school Calasanz, where he also played football and table tennis.

Rodríguez then started his professional squash career, and won his first PSA World Tour title in November 2005 at the age of 19.

In 2013, he won the Bluenose Classic in Halifax, Canada in March and was bronze medalist at the World Games in Cali.

He also won gold in the men's singles at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto.

On May 20, 2018, he won the 2018 British Open Squash Championships in Hull, England, beating Egypt's Mohamed El Shorbagy in a 5 game thriller to become the first-ever man from Colombia, and more broadly South America, to win the coveted British Open title.