[1][6][7] The situation in Japan was resulting in measures aimed at reducing the impact of the growing number of Catholics in social life.

[1] On Amakusa, Carvalho hid in plain view, disguised as a soldier for two years, where he assimilated the Japanese language and principles of inculturation.

[1][6] With the help of fellow believers, he went to Nagasaki, where the Jesuit Provincial, Francisco Pacheco advised him to remain prudent in the implementation of the apostolate and directed him to care for a small group living in a suburban area.

[8] In the Roman Catholic Church, Carvalho's feast day is celebrated on 25 August[4], as well as 10 September, the anniversary of the massacre of 205 Japanese martyrs in Ōmura, and the Jesuits mention it also 4 February.

[5] Carvalho is the patron saint of the department of philosophy at the Catholic University of Portugal, Braga Campus.