[3] After the victory of the Makhnovshchina over the Central Powers in the Ukrainian War of Independence, he travelled to Huliaipole and joined the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU).

[6] In August 1919, Kalashnykov led his regiment in a mutiny against the Red command,[7] reuniting with other Makhnovists in Dobrovelychkivka, where they were reorganized into the 1st Donetsk Corps of the RIAU.

[4] In late October-early November 1919, he was placed in command of a detachment of Vdovichenko's second group, created to liberate the Huliaipole region from the White Army.

[9] At the Fourth Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents, which took place in Oleksandrivsk in November 1919, he was elected to the Makhnovshchina's Military Revolutionary Council (VRS),[10] which had Volin as its chairperson.

[12] In May 1920, Uralov was put in charge of the RIAU's political work,[13] collaborating with Peter Arshinov, Juda Grossman and Volin on writing articles for The Road to Freedom.