Born in Arlington, Massachusetts, Robinson began his career with FC Boston Bolts before playing college soccer with the Syracuse Orange.

From the 2019 season, Robinson began appearing as a regular starter for the club following the arrival of Frank de Boer as head coach.

[4] During his junior season, Robinson was the Middlesex League co-MVP and lead his team in scoring, assists, rebounds, and steals.

[5] John Bowler, his basketball coach at Arlington, praised Robinson's abilities on the court: "His IQ, where he is supposed to be and changing speeds, is just unbelievable.

[4] Brian Ainscough, the chief executive officer for the Bolts, singled out Robinson's build and potential at a young age: "He was this kid that was 5-foot-9, with a size-13 shoe, looking like Bambi... We're lucky we have him as a soccer player, so be happy with that.

[9] In November 2015, following a victory over Notre Dame, Syracuse qualified for the NCAA Tournament with a record best for the program sixth seed.

[11] Prior to the NCAA Tournament, Robinson earned a spot in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) All-Tournament Team.

[12] During his sophomore season, Robinson earned the ACC Defensive Player of the Year award, starting all 17 matches for Syracuse, scoring another four goals.

[13] He once again helped Syracuse qualify for the 2016 NCAA Tournament but couldn't prevent the side from falling 1–0 against the North Carolina Tar Heels in the third round.

[14] On December 10, 2016, Robinson was named into the National Soccer Coaches Association NCAA Division I Men's All-America First Team, being joined by future Atlanta United teammates Gordon Wild and Julian Gressel.

[16] Robinson played six matches during his time with FC Boston and following the season, was named as the top defender among college prospects by the United Soccer League.

[17] On January 4, 2017, Robinson elected to leave Syracuse early and signed a Generation Adidas contract with Major League Soccer, allowing him to be selected in the 2017 MLS SuperDraft.

[28] On November 11, due to an injury to starter Jeff Larentowicz, Robinson was included in the starting line-up for Atlanta United against New York City FC in the Eastern Conference semifinals second-leg.

[39] In October 2019, while away with the United States national team, Robinson suffered a hamstring injury which would rule him out of the MLS Cup Playoffs, ending his season.

[46] He came on as a substitute during the match on August 25 at Banc of California Stadium in Los Angeles as the MLS All-Stars won 3–2 in the penalty shootout.

[52] On March 19, 2019, Robinson was named by Jason Kreis into the under-23 side which would play three friendlies that month in preparation for 2020 Olympic qualification.

[54] In February 2021, Robinson was selected again by Kreis into the preliminary roster prior for qualification but was not released by Atlanta United as they were preparing for the upcoming 2021 season.

[57] In December 2019, after returning to Atlanta United injured, thus missing the MLS playoffs, his club declined to release Robinson for the January 2020 friendlies.