After attending school in Chișinău, she enrolled as a student at the Moscow State Academy of Industrial and Applied Arts, where she studied sculpture under professors Konenkov and Dzyubanov (1907–1908).
At the Munich Academy, she worked under the direction of leading Avantgarde artists such as Wassily Kandinsky and Alexej von Jawlensky and came into contact with the creative team of the "Jugend" magazine.
After her stay in Munich, Petrașcu spent several years in Paris working in the studios of Henri Matisse and Antoine Bourdelle (1910–1914).
In 1919, she exhibited a bust at the Salon des Indépendents and met Constantin Brâncuși who was to become her mentor and guide in the world of modern sculpture.
She worked it in travertine brought from Italy and in the form of a sarcophagus with bas-reliefs illustrating scenes from Ecaterina Teodoroiu's life, as a child, as a scout, in war, and in her death.