Located near modern-day Ponca City, it was founded by Colonel George Washington Miller, a veteran of the Confederate Army, in 1893.

The Millers made their transition from putting on local shows to the national scene in 1907, when they performed at the Jamestown Exposition in Virginia.

Later in 1907, the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show began the tour circuit in Brighton Beach, New York.

Over the course of the show's history, its cast included Lillian Smith,[8] Bill Pickett, Bessie Herberg, Bee Ho Gray, Tom Mix, Jack Hoxie, Mexican Joe, Ross Hettan, and an elderly Buffalo Bill.

When the Millers' show toured the German Empire, authorities arrested some of their Oglala Sioux performers on suspicion of being Serbian spies, and they were never seen again.

Upon return to Oklahoma, the eldest brother Joe Miller refused to pay the Indian cast overtime.

George Jr. and Zack worked at the ranch, while Joe schemed to make the Wild West Show a financial success.

Joe Miller hired an out-of-work, aging and ill Buffalo Bill to star in a WWI recruitment show called "Pageant of Preparedness."

[10] On October 21, 1927, a neighbor found Joe Miller dead in the 101 Ranch garage with his car running.

[citation needed] A small portion of the ranch property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

[2][3][11] After Zack Miller's bankruptcy, the federal Farm Security Administration (FSA) divided the remaining ranch lands and sold off parcels to individuals.