The music of the 2011 video game Minecraft, developed by Mojang Studios, primarily consists of two soundtrack albums by German musician Daniel Rosenfeld, better known as C418.
American composer Lena Raine has also contributed music for four major updates to the game since 2020, alongside Aaron Cherof and Kumi Tanioka who worked on the most recent version in 2024.
Music included in downloadable content (DLC) for legacy console versions of the game was handled by British musician Gareth Coker.
Alongside the launch of various DLC for legacy console editions of Minecraft in 2016, Coker issued three soundtrack albums, producing an additional three in the following four years.
Citing licensing issues and legal conflicts with Microsoft, a completed third album by Rosenfeld, titled Minecraft – Volume Final, which was first teased in 2015 and confirmed in 2017, has still not seen release as of 2024.
German musician Daniel Rosenfeld had been making music under the moniker C418 since he was 15 years old, and was influenced by the electronic work of Aphex Twin.
[1] From 2007, he became active on online indie game community TIGSource where he met Markus Persson, who was still in the early stages of developing Minecraft.
[2] Rosenfeld was given creative freedom to create a soundtrack for the tech demo,[3] and opted to make ambient music reminiscent of the works of Brian Eno and Vangelis.
[6] In composing music for Minecraft, she felt "immense pressure" to deliver due to the "very highly acclaimed score" already in the game.
"[8] With her third contributions to the game in 2022, Raine wrote she wanted to "focus the musical style around more of a blend between synths and live instrumentation," while continuing to use "strings, piano, and woodwinds in places.
[13] The album was met with positive reviews, with Andy Kellman from AllMusic praising its replay value, stating that "none of the recurring elements is pronounced or simple enough to become fatiguing with repeated play".
[20] It includes music sonically described as having a darker tone than Volume Alpha, added into the game in various updates following his first record.
[26] For this next release, Rosenfeld was again given complete creative control on the soundtrack that would be implemented as part of Minecraft's November 2013 "Music Update".
The average song on Volume Beta is far longer than its predecessor[30] – at the time of the album's release, it was Rosenfeld's longest ever work.
[35] The album's artwork features an extremely dark 3D model of a block of grass from Minecraft, surrounded on the edges by a larger black and orange cube.
"[37] Online publication Digital Trends specifically praised the album for moving "beyond pieces that are simply 'peaceful' or 'sad' and creates tracks like 'Taswell' and 'Kyoto' that feel like distinct performances", and believed that Minecraft might not have been as successful as it was if it were not for the work of Rosenfeld, including Volume Beta.
He opined that its "memorable [and] heartfelt" nature owed to its context of being a memorial to Ryan "Taswell" Davis, Rosenfeld's late friend, editor for GameSpot and co-founder of Giant Bomb.
"[8] The extended play (EP) also contains a new in-game music disc, "Pigstep", which has two different mixes on the soundtrack version, released 14 June 2020.
[8] On 26 April 2023, Mojang announced American composer Aaron Cherof had contributed five new tracks to the game, to be introduced in the "Trails & Tales" update.
"Rosenfeld would go on to co-found an independent gaming studio, Ivy Road, with The Stanley Parable creator Davey Wreden and Karla Zimonja, co-creator of Gone Home.
[68] Keith Stuart of The Guardian noted that Rosenfeld's "wilting, minimalist tracks, slow-paced and slightly melancholy, recall the ambient works of Satie and Eno", calling it the game's "perfect accompaniment.
[74] In 2022, the Minecraft soundtrack placed at number 54 on Australian radio station ABC Classic's top 100 countdown, as voted by listeners.