The Ministry of Earth Sciences was formed on 29 January 2006 from a merger of the India Meteorological Department (IMD),[2] the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF),[3] the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune (IITM),[4] the Earth Risk Evaluation Centre (EREC) and the Ministry of Ocean Development.

In 1982 it became a separate department and it started carrying out its activities in the field of ocean development.

The Government via a resolution in 2006 brought Indian Metrological Department, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and National centre for medium range weather forecasting and research (NCMRWF) into its administrative control.

All institutions under ESSO are connected through National Knowledge Network and its Common User Group (CUG).

Adithya HPC located at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology is one of the largest computation facility in India.