In conjunction with other ministries and the prime minister's office, the Ministry is responsible for creating and promulgating long-term health policy programs such as the "National Strategy on Nutrition for the 2001 - 2010 period" and the "National Policy on Injury Prevention 2002 - 2010".

[7][8][9] But on November 3, 1946, it was separated into the Ministry of Health as before in the National Coalition Government, with Minister Hoang Tich Tri.

On 7 July 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Nguyễn Thanh Long, who is a professor specialized in infectious diseases, was temporarily appointed for the position, acting as the Minister of Health.

[13] He held the post until June 7th 2022, when he was relieved of duty by the National Assembly following corruption allegations regarding the Viet A COVID-19 test kit scandal.

[14] On July 15, 2022, Ms. Dao Hong Lan took office as Minister of Health,[15][16][17] replacing Mr. Nguyen Thanh Long, after the discovery of scandals related to the Vietnam Technology Corporation (Viet A) case.