He accuses modern historians and scientific thinkers, particularly secular biblical scholars, of begging the question against miracles, insisting that modern disbelief in miracles is a cultural bias thrust upon the historical record and is not derivable from it.
In particular, a supernaturalist believes that the natural world was created or derived from a supernatural entity.
He argues that rather than being mutually exclusive, miracles are definite interventions that go beyond natural laws.
[2] In each case, to assume the veracity of the conclusion would eliminate the possibility of valid grounds from which to reach it.
In a Socratic Club debate, Catholic analytical Thomist G. E. M. Anscombe criticized this, prompting Lewis to revise the chapter.
The revised chapter presents a more detailed elucidation of the argument and distinguishes between "non-rational" and "irrational" processes.