Miroslav Kalousek (born 17 December 1960) is a Czech politician, former leader of KDU-ČSL and TOP 09, and a member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1998 until his resignation in 2021.

On 24 August 2006 Kalousek unexpectedly accepted an offer from Jiří Paroubek to start negotiations on a minority government of KDU-ČSL and the Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) which would be supported by the Communists.

The party group in Brno (the biggest regional organisation) rejected the negotiated solution and requested the resignation of Kalousek and the whole presidium of KDU-ČSL.

He has claimed his negotiation with Paroubek was intended to prevent a governing coalition of ČSSD and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), which seemed like the most likely alternative scenario.

TOP 09 entered the parliament in the 2010 legislative election and joined a coalition government with ODS and Public Affairs (VV), with Kalousek becoming Minister of Finance for the second time.

[6] Following his departure from politics he began presenting a show on TV Barrandov called Hovory Kalousek Soukup.

His economical policies as the Finance Minister during the great recession were conservative with emphasis on fiscal responsibility and cutting the government spending in order for the state budget to be as balanced as possible.

Babiš led a negative campaign against Kalousek, describing him as a "symbol of corruption",[14] and "a drunk and a thief" during parliamentary debates in 2015 and 2018.

He’s been largely critical of Petr Fiala’s cabinet,[17] despite being a member of one of the ruling parties (TOP 09) until he left in October 2024.