The caucus has support of some prominent libertarians, such as comedian Dave Smith, political commentator Tom Woods, and radio host Scott Horton.

[13][14] In August 2017, in the aftermath of the Unite the Right rally, Libertarian National Committee chairman Nicholas Sarwark and vice-chairman Arvin Vohra criticized the leadership of the Mises Institute think tank – specifically president Jeff Deist and senior fellow Tom Woods – for making nationalist statements in the weeks prior to the rally, particularly in an article written by Deist which included the phrase "blood and soil".

Sarwark also criticized Woods's defense of Murray Rothbard's paleolibertarian strategy, while Vohra accused the Mises Institute of being white nationalist and alt-right.

The Mises Caucus formed in the aftermath of this feud to oppose Sarwark, and became one of the fastest-growing factions within the Libertarian Party.

[17][better source needed] In February 2018, the Mises Caucus endorsed LNC member Joshua Smith to challenge Sarwark for party chair in the 2018 Libertarian National Convention.

[38] In April 2024, the Mises-aligned LNC Chair Angela McArdle announced former President Donald Trump had accepted an invite to the 2024 libertarian convention in late May.

[37] On January 25, 2025, MrArdle resigned as LNC Chair, and Mises Caucus endorsed their founder Michael Heise to succeed her.

[44] Additionally they believe in working with the Republican Party to achieve policy objectives, rather than running candidates against them, particularly in statewide and federal offices.

[b] In his resignation letter as LNC chair, Bishop-Henchman accused the Mises Caucus of having a "toxic culture" and "bad actors" that is "destroying and driving people away from the party".

[52][53] Former New Hampshire legislator Caleb Q. Dyer criticized the caucus for claiming neutrality in the culture war "while picking the right-wing side", and called it disingenuous.

[55] The SPLC said that Caucus chair and founder Michael Heise had cited donations received from Patrick M. Byrne and nominated Daryl Brooks for Governor of Pennsylvania.

[55] Both Byrne and Brooks promoted the conspiracy theory that the 2020 presidential election was stolen from Donald Trump, the SPLC said.