Miswak

[4] Studies indicate that Salvadora persica extract exhibits low antimicrobial activity compared to other oral disinfectants and anti-plaque agents like triclosan and chlorhexidine gluconate.

[5]However, the benefits of triclosan were discounted by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2016 and its safety is uncertain as a hygiene product ingredient.

The plant also contains insoluble fluoride in high concentration, calcium, salicylic acid, and some antioxidants of unclear function.

Furthermore, it is reputed to create a fragrance in the mouth, eliminate bad breath, improve sensitivity of taste-buds and promote cleaner teeth.

[11] He is quoted in various hadith extolling its virtues:[12][13] Were it not that I might over-burden the Believers I would have ordered them to use Siwak (Miswak) at the time of every Prayer.

[14]Make a regular practice of Miswak for verily it is the purification for the mouth and a means of the pleasure of the Lord.