[1] Most of the mountain range is in the Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion.

At lower elevations, the montane forests transition to lowland rain forests at the northern end of the range, to forest–savanna mosaic in the central portion of the range, and miombo woodlands to the south.

[2] Gambeya gorungosana and Syzygium guineense are characteristic trees of the primary or mature montane forests.

Macaranga kilimandscharica, Neoboutonia macrocalyx, and Xymalos monospora are trees typical of secondary forests, which regrow in areas cleared by wind or human disturbance.

[3] Kahuzi-Biéga National Park covers a portion of the mountains, including mounts Kahuzi and Biéga.