Mixed electoral system

[9] In both types of systems, one set of seats is allocated using a plurality or majoritarian method, usually first past the post.

In mixed non-compensatory systems, such as parallel voting,[10] the proportional allocation is performed independently of the district election component.

In mixed compensatory systems, the allocation of the top-up seats is done in such a way as to compensate as much as possible for dis-proportionality produced by the district elections.

Under such a system, the total number of seats (FPTP + PR) received by each party would not be proportional to its share of the popular vote.

[12] Apart from the compensatory/non-compensatory typology, a more detailed classification is possible based on how component systems relate to each other, according to academic literature.

Below is a table of different categories of mixed electoral systems based on the five main types identified by Massicotte & Blais.

Unlike parallel voting, MMP and AMS are mixed compensatory systems, meaning that the PR seats are allocated in a manner that corrects disproportionality caused by the district tier.

MMP corrects disproportionalities by adding as many leveling seats as needed, this system is used by Germany and New Zealand.

A type of MMP used in the UK which does not always yield proportional results, but sometimes only "mixed semi-proportional representation" is called the additional member system.

The AMS models used in parts of the UK (Scotland and formerly Wales), with small regions with a fixed number of seats tend to produce only moderately proportional election outcomes.

The system was proposed by the Jenkins Commission as a possible alternative to FPTP for elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Proposed as an alternative to FPTP for Canadian elections, DMP appeared as an option on a 2016 plebiscite in Prince Edward Island and a 2018 referendum in British Columbia.

Such systems in use have been (inaccurately[14]) described as mixed member proportional, but they were more commonly between MMP and MMM in nature, or closer to mixed-member majoritarian representation, offering little compensatory power.

[citation needed] The table below lists the countries that use a mixed electoral system for the primary (lower) chamber of the legislature.