Moïse Schwab (Paris, 18 September 1839 – 8 February 1918) was a French librarian and author.
From 1857 to 1866 he was secretary to Salomon Munk; then for a year he was official interpreter at the Paris court of appeals; and from 1868 was librarian at the Bibliothèque Nationale.
In 1880 he was sent by the minister of public instruction to Bavaria and Württemberg to make investigations with regard to early Hebrew printing-presses.
He then sought the cooperation of the leading Talmudists; but he was unsuccessful and had to complete the work alone.
In addition to his work in Talmudic studies, he also produced editions of a number of Jewish Aramaic Magic bowls, though these were described as 'incredibly poor' by one scholar[who?].