Mobile robot

[3] Alternatively, mobile robots can rely on guidance devices that allow them to travel a pre-defined navigation route in relatively controlled space.

[4] By contrast, industrial robots are usually more-or-less stationary, consisting of a jointed arm (multi-linked manipulator) and gripper assembly (or end effector), attached to a fixed surface.

Warehouses have installed mobile robotic systems to efficiently move materials from stocking shelves to order fulfillment zones.

The requirements could be dead reckoning, tactile and proximity sensing, triangulation ranging, collision avoidance, position location and other specific applications.

Some of the earliest automated guided vehicles (AGVs) were line following mobile robots.

"Localization" or knowledge of its current location, is calculated by one or more means, using sensors such motor encoders, vision, Stereopsis, lasers and global positioning systems.

Such robots are often part of the wireless enterprise network, interfaced with other sensing and control systems in the building.

For instance, the PatrolBot security robot responds to alarms, operates elevators and notifies the command center when an incident arises.