In the 9th century, the territory of Modrany became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon.

Between 1938 and 1945 Modrany once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award.

The Soviet Army had a base located on the outskirts of town, which they abandoned around 1989.

The base has since been broken apart and sold for scrap, though some ruins remain.