Modular synthesizer

[2] The Moog was composed of separate modules which created and shaped sounds, such as envelopes, noise generators, filters, and sequencers,[3][4] connected by patch cords.

[1] However, there continued to be a community who chose the physically patched approach, the flexibility and the sound of traditional modular systems.

there has been a resurgence in the popularity of analog synthesizers aided by physical standardization practices, an increase in available retro gear and interest, decreased production costs and increased electronic reliability and stability, the rediscovered ability of modules to control things other than sound, and a generally heightened education through the development of virtual synthesis systems such as VCV Rack, MAX/MSP, Pd and Reaktor etc.

Modules with the same basic functions may have different inputs, outputs and controls, depending on their degree of complexity.

Some examples include the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which may have options for sync (hard or soft), linear or exponential frequency modulation, and variable waveshape; the voltage-controlled filter (VCF) that may have both resonance and bandwidth controls; and the envelope generator which may provide outputs at each stage of the process.

Other differences are in the plugs used, which can match 1/4-inch (6.3 mm) or 3.5 mm phone connectors, banana jacks, or breadboard patch leads; in the main power supply, which is most often ±12 V[7] or ±15 V, but can range from 2.5±2.5 V[8] to 0±18 V for different manufacturers or systems; in the trigger or gate voltages (Moog S-trigger or positive gate), with typical audio signal levels (often ±5 V with ±5 V headroom); and with control voltages of volts/octave, typically 1 V/octave, but in some cases 1.2 V/octave.

Computers have grown so powerful that software programs can realistically model the signals, sounds, and patchability of modular synthesizers.

While potentially lacking the physical presence of desirable analog sound generation, real voltage manipulation, knobs, sliders, cables, and LEDs, software modular synthesizers offer the infinite variations and visual patching at a more affordable price and in a compact form factor.

A semi-modular synthesizer on the other hand is a collection of modules from a single manufacturer that makes a cohesive product, an instrument.

[citation needed] Matrix systems use pin matrices or other crosspoint switches rather than patch cords.

The different modules of a semi-modular synthesizer are wired together into a typical configuration but can be re-wired by the user using patch cords.