Monarchies in Africa
The sub-national monarchies are not sovereign and exist within larger political associations, such as the Ashanti of Ghana, Bini of Nigeria, and the Xhosa and Zulu of South Africa.
In addition to these, there are also three dependencies of two European monarchies—Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha of the United Kingdom and the Canary Islands and Ceuta and Melilla of Spain.
He was one of the many kings who headed large indigenous communities in the North African coastal belt that engaged the trans-Saharan trade route for subsistence.
[6] The current monarchy was established in 1824 when Moshoeshoe I, a tribal chieftain, united warring tribes into the Basotho kingdom.
[7] While under British control, the monarchy continued under the title of Paramount Chief with a moderate degree of autonomy, particularly in the rural areas.
The Prime Minister also has the power to declare the kingship vacant if the King either violates his oath of office or is deemed unfit to rule.
[10] Morocco, located in the northwestern corner of Africa, has a long and established history dating back to antiquity.
After the Reconquista in 1492, the Moroccan state underwent a long period of decline before falling under dual French and Spanish control in 1912.
Eventually, the illiterate Swazi unknowingly signed treaties which ceded their land to the Boer Republics, who assumed control in 1894.
In 1973, Sobhuza abolished the democratic constitution put in place at the time of independence and declared himself absolute ruler.
A new constitution established in 1998 allowed for some degree of democratic rule; but, in practice, Eswatini remains an absolute monarchy, and the ability of citizens to participate in the political process is limited.
The community government has autonomy concerning a wide range of competencies, including over natural resources and tourism as well as a unique fiscal system.
Both were founded by the Carthaginians and later fell under successive Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine control before being conquered by the Arabs in the eighth century.
Today, Morocco still claims that the two cities are part of Moroccan territory, which has created tension between the neighboring countries.
The cities have a wide degree of autonomy, with responsibility vested in the central government only in areas concerning communication and trade affairs.
During the interregnum in England, the Honourable East India Company received a charter to govern the island from Oliver Cromwell.
Traditional authority is vested in the monarchs of these constituencies by virtue of customary law as a general rule, although some of them also enjoy either a constitutional or a statutory recognition of their titles in the states that host them.
In the Cold War, the West propped up tyrants while the Soviet Union supported one-party Marxist-Leninist states.
The West implemented a new global neoliberal agenda tying World Bank and International Monetary Fund aid to compliance with multiparty elections and political freedoms.
