The fossil was recovered from outcrops of the Jiulongshan Formation exposed near Daohugou by Di-Ying Huang.

Mongolbittacus was first studied by Julián F. Petrulevicius of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, France, Di-Ying Huang of 2Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Dong Ren of Capital Normal University in Beijing.

[1] The generic name was coined by Petrulevicius, Huang and Ren from a combination of "Mongol", a reference to the region of discovery; and the modern Bittacidae genus Bittacus to which Mongolbittacus is related.

The etymology of the specific epithet daohugoensis is in reference type locality where the fossil preserved.

The fore and hind-wings of Mongolbittacus do not show any signs of color pattering unlike the genus Formosibittacus alongside which it lived.