At its establishment in 1912, the Republic of China claimed to be the successor state to the entirety of the Qing empire, which included Outer Mongolia.

China's Great Wall was constructed to ward off invading hordes from the Mongolian steppe and Central Asia.

During the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty and formed the Bogd Khanate.

Under the terms of the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, the Republic of China was to recognize both Mongolian sovereignty and independence.

[8] In 1952, three years after the Republic of China's retreat to the island of Taiwan (which was retroceded from Japan in 1945), the ROC government accused the Soviet Union of violating the 1946 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (see United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505).

[14] In 1996, Taiwan's Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Office director said "The island's National Assembly does not necessarily have to make a constitutional amendment because Outer Mongolia's independence is well established.

When the Executive Yuan under the Democratic Progressive Party administration announced that Mongolian nationals would be entitled to visas rather than entry permits when traveling to Taiwan, the same as individuals from foreign countries, the Kuomintang-controlled Legislative Yuan criticized the implementation of the decision, as they had not been consulted in this regard.