[3] The earliest Mongol exchange students, all three of them women, came to Japan in 1906, when Mongolia was still ruled by the Qing Dynasty.

[4] Japan was also a popular destination for students from Mengjiang (in today's Inner Mongolia) in the late 1930s and early 1940s; among them were several who would go on to become famous scholars, such as Chinggeltei.

[3] Aside from Mongolian citizens, there were also estimated to be roughly 4,000 members of the Chakhar-speaking Mongol minority of China residing in Japan as of 2005[update].

Like migrants from Mongolia proper, they also came mostly on student visas, beginning in the 1990s; they were sponsored by professors of Mongolian studies at Japanese universities.

Additionally, Mongolians are noted for their sturdy frames and large stature, which is part of the reason they often partake in contact sports such as sumo.