The municipality borders Gámeza, Socotá, Pisba, Labranzagrande, Aquitania, Sogamoso, Monguí and Tópaga.

[1] In the centuries before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, the central highlands of Colombia (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) were inhabited by the Muisca.

According to the Muisca religion, the messenger god Bochica traveled to Gámeza and took shelter in a cave called Toy´ña.

[1] Mongua in the Chibcha language of the Muisca means either "bath on the hill",[2] or "land of the rising Sun".

[1] Main economical activities in Mongua are agriculture (predominantly potatoes) and coal mining.