The theory of monotropism was developed by Dinah Murray, Wenn Lawson and Mike Lesser starting in the 1990s, and first published in 2005.
[1] Lawson's further work on the theory formed the basis of his PhD, Single Attention and Associated Cognition in Autism, and book The Passionate Mind published in 2011.
In the monotropic mind, interests that are active at any given time tend to consume most of the available attention, causing difficulty with other tasks such as conventional social interaction.
For example, some students have trouble taking notes in class while listening to a teacher[3] and may find it difficult to read a person's face and comprehend what they are saying simultaneously.
[3] Monotropic individuals may suppress attention and focus on something else, or develop great depth in a given interest or skill.