Located in the northwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Monroe Township, but it does contain the unincorporated communities of New Princeton and Spring Mountain.

It is one of twenty-two Monroe Townships statewide.

[4][5] Monroe Township was settled chiefly by emigrants from Pennsylvania and Virginia.

[6][7] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[8] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.